...granted among other things free and ample faculty to the aforesaid King Alfonso -- to invade, search out, capture, vanquish, and subdue all Saracens and pagans whatsoever, and other enemies of Christ wheresoever placed, and the kingdoms, dukedoms, principalities, dominions, possessions, and all movable and immovable goods whatsoever held and possessed by them and to reduce their persons to perpetual slavery, and to apply and appropriate to himself and his successors the kingdoms, dukedoms, counties, principalities, dominions, possessions, and goods, and to convert them to his and their use and profit …
from the Romanus Pontifex, 1455
sent from Pope Nicholas V to King Alphonso V of Portugal
Place and institutional names honoring Columbus:
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Columbia, alternative name for the U. S. (as in the song title Columbia, gem of the Ocean) |
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Colombia, the country |
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Columbia Hts, Minn. |
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Columbus, Kansas |
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British Columbia |
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Columbia, Missouri |
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Columbus, Pennsylvania |
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Columbus, Ohio |
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Columbiaville, Michigan |
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Columbia, Kentucky |
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Columbiana, Ohio |
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Columbia, Mississippi |
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Columbia, Tennessee |
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Columbus, Georgia |
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Columbus, Mississippi |
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Columbia, Maryland |
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Columbus, Indiana |
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Columbia Falls, Mont. |
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Columbus, Texas |
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Columbia City, Indiana |
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Columbus, Montana |
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Columbia Co., Wash. |
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Columbus Jct., Iowa |
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Columbus, Nebraska |
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Columbus, Wisconsin |
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Columbia, S. Carolina |
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Columbia Co. New York |
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Columbia University |
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Columbia, Alabama |
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Columbus Co., N. C. |
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Columbia Gas of Ohio |
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Columbiana, Alabama |
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Columbia, N. Carolina |
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Columbia Records |
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Columbia Co., Arkansas |
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Columbus, N. Carolina |
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Columbia Coll., Chicago |
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Columbia, California |
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Columbia Co., Oregon |
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Colon, Panama |
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Columbia Co. Florida |
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Columbia City, Oregon |
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Cristobol, Panama |
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Columbia Co. Georgia |
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Columbia Co., Penn. |
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Columbia, Pennsylvania |
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Columbia, Illinois |
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The District of Columbia (Capital of the USA) |
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The Columbia River, Pacific Northwest |
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Poem recited by American school children:
In fourteen hundred
ninety-two
Columbus sailed the ocean blue.
He had three ships
and left from Spain;
He sailed through sunshine, wind and rain.
He sailed by
night; he sailed by day;
He used the stars to find his way.
A
compass also helped him know
How to find the way to go.
Ninety sailors
were on board;
Some men worked while others snored.
Then the
workers went to sleep;
And others watched the ocean deep.
Day
after day they looked for land;
They dreamed of trees and rocks
and sand.
October 12 their dream came true,
You never saw a
happier crew!
"Indians!
Indians!" Columbus cried;
His heart was filled with
joyful pride.
But "India" the land was not;
It was
the Bahamas, and it was hot.
The Arakawa
natives were very nice;
They gave the sailors food and
spice.
Columbus sailed on to find some gold
To bring back home,
as he'd been told.
He
made the trip again and again,
Trading gold to bring to Spain.
The
first American? No, not quite.
But Columbus was brave, and
he was bright.
Columbus and his men, believing the island of Hispaniola to contain abundant gold, conscripted the native Taino people to dig for the precious metal. Forced labor, torture, and starvation over a period of a decade resulted in the deaths of more than 900,000 natives. Little gold was ever found.